Dhatu Guna & Dhatu Vikruti

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Dhatu Guna & Dhatu Vikruti

Genesis of dhatus from panchamahabhuta

तत्र पञ्चभुतात्मकत्वेन रसः आप्यः रक्तं तेजोजलात्मकं मांसं पार्थिवं                            मेदो जलपृथिव्यात्मकं अस्थि पृथ्व्यानिलात्मकं मज्जा शुक्रं च आप्यं  । 

                                                                             Su.Su.15/10 Bhanumati

All dhatus are panchabhoutik.so qualities of panchamahabhutas are present in dhatus. 

Dhatus	Dominant mahabhutas	Dhatu guna
Rasa	Jala	Drava,snigdha,sheeta,guru,manda, shlakshna,sandra,mrudu
Rakta	Agni , Jala	Raktavarna,drava,visragandha,spandana, laghu
Mamsa	Prithvi	Sthula,sthira,guru
Meda	Jala,Prithvi	Snigdha,mrudu,guru,sthira
Asthi	Prithvi,Vayu	Sthira,khara,kathina,ruksha
Majja	Jala	Drava,snigdha,sheeta,guru,manda,   shlakshna,sandra,mrudu
Shukra	Jala	Drava,snigdha,sheeta,guru,manda, shlakshna,sandra,mrudu,sphatikabha, madhur,madhugandhi

                                                                          

 Relation of dhatu guna with dhatu vikruti

To maintain dhatusamya, proper diet should be taken to maintain strength of particular dhatu and immunity can be improved.

If any dhatu is heen sara or has less strength,then diet and drugs similar to dhatu guna should be taken.for e.g.godhuma,urad ,shatavari,ashwagandha to improve strength of mamsa dhatu;because if dhatus are sama,doshas cannot produce any disease and health is maintained.

Dhatu vriddhi and kshaya conditions are responsible for disease manifestations.

According to samanya vishesha siddhanta;if diet regimen similar to qualities of dhatus is taken frequently, then there will be abnormal increase in dhatus. Snigdha,guru aahara taken for a longer period will result in meda vriddhi.

If diet regimen opposite to qualities of dhatus is taken frequently, then there will be abnormal decrease in dhatus.In diarrohea or vomiting rasa dhatu decrease due to loss of drava guna.

 Dhatusamya is ultimate aim of ayurved. It is very much essential for physician to know qualities of dhatus and dravyas which he is using to treat dhatus. In mamsa dhatu kshaya, diet and regimen homologous to mamsa dhatu i.e.parthiva food like wheat,black gram is advised.

In rasa kshaya i.e. in symptoms like vomititng,diarrhoea; jaliya element such as oral  rehydration therapy,fruit juices or I.V.saline is given.

Asthi kshaya or in osteoarthritis, patient is suggested to take parthiva elements like wheat,ragi,black gram and medicines like pravala,sudha kalpa.

Role of dhatu in health and disease

               

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               Role of dhatu in health and disease

    Dosha, dhatu & mala are root factors of living body.Human physiology depends on balanced state of dosha,dhatu & mala.

              दोषधातुमलमूलम् हि शरीरम् । Su.Su.15/3

Human body is made up of infinite numbers of microscopic units i.e. cells. These units form seven important tissue elements i.e.dhatus that make the whole structure of living body.

Dhatus or tissues can be called as the stabilizing pillars of the body.

Word dhatu is derived from root -
‍‌‌‍

धृ धारयति । दधाति ।

Which means dharana, or to support the body.

Nirukti/Definition is the explanatory statement of the word. By this we can understand the structure/quality/ function of body entity.

                                         
                                                धारणात धातवः ।    
                               
                 धारयति शरीरसंवर्धकान इति धातु ।

That which supports and nourishes the body is called dhatu.

             रसासृङ्गमांसमेदोस्थिमज्जाशुक्राणिधातवः। सप्त दुष्याः। A.H.Su.1/13 ‍    

              There are seven types of dhatus such as rasa (plasma), asruk(blood),                           mamsa(muscles),meda(fat), asthi(bone),majja(bone marrow), shukra (semen)                 are the seven dhatus & are also known as dushyas(those that get vitiated by                   doshas).

To understand the concept of health & disease, one should understand the                       concept of dhatu.

             समदोषः समाग्निश्च समधातुमलक्रियः ।

             प्रसन्नात्मेन्द्रियमनाः स्वस्थ इत्यभिधीयते ॥  Su.Su.15/47

The person is called as healthy, if he has balanced or equilibrium state of dhatus along with other factors.

The body is the product of nutrition. The function of dhatu is to support and nourish the body. So dhatus are not only responsible for structural architecture of the body but also support all the functions of the body and maintains homeostasis in the body.

Well nourished dhatus give strength to body & maintain health.

Dhatus indicate sustenance of body and nourishment from only sara portion of aahara rasa.

All three entities i.e.dosha,dhatu,mala sustain body in normal state and so  they are called as dhatu but doshas do not nourish any entity like dhatu.

Doshas are bioenergies or forces responsible for movement, transformation and union respectively but these forces reside and act through media of dhatus and malas.

Dhatus give rise to upadhatus and malas.

Vitiated Doshas and malas should excrete from the body unlike dhatus.

दोषदूष्यसंमुर्च्छनाजनितो व्याधिः।

Improper diet, regimen leads to dosha vaishmya.

Vitiated doshas attack on dhatus. If dhatus are in good condition,doshas cannot generate any disease but if dhatus are weak, then vitiated doshas can produce disease.

Strong and healthy dhatus provide immune mechanism to body and resists diseases. e.g.if  asthi dhatu is strong, then in  old age also vitiated vata cannot cause sandhigata vata.Similarly after 60 also if a person can read without spects ,we can say that his majja dhatu is strong.

Immunity & strength of dhatus can be improved by rasayana chikitsa.

Diet And Medicines Increasing Rasadhatu

       Diet      : Milk, Buttermilk                                                                                        :Orange,Mosambi,Pomegranate,Badara,Lemon,Matulunga,Sugarcane.

              : Kushmanda, Dudhi, Beet Root, Radish.

             : Onion, Garlic, Cumin Seeds.

             : Rice, Jvari, Wheat,Bajari.

Medicines   : Amalaka, Haritaki, Bibhitaka,  Jivanti,Pippala, Kumari,Mouktika, Pravala,Shilajatu, Shringataka   and Karpasabija

    Avoid   :    Dry Foodstuff.

Diet And Medicines Increasing Raktadhatu

Diet    : Butter Milk, Curds.

           : Mosambi, Orange, Pomegranate,Matulunga ,Lemon, Mango, Dates,   

                  Dried Black, Grapes, Jardalu, Dried Dates, Charoli, Badara

                : Radish, Onion and Garlic.

Medicines: Amalaka, Haritaki, Bibhitaka, Kasturi, Lohabhasma,  

Suvarnamakshika,  Kasis,Mandura,Kantaloha, Roupya, Shatavari,          Vidari, Pippali, Pravalabhasma, Mauktikabhasma, Chandana,                Vidanga,Arvindasava, Ashvagandharishta,         Drakshasava.

Avoid  : Groundnut,Tila,Fish,Tomato.

Diet And Medicines Increasing Mamsadhatu

Diet    : Pumpkin,Brinjal, Banana, Potato, Sweet Potato,Lady’s Finger,      Elephan’t Foots,  Snakes Gourd, Radish.

        : Mango, Dates, Jardalu,Kharika,Badara,Jack Fruit.

         : All Pulses, Meat In General, Jaggery,Garlic, Buttermilk, Amritaprasha..

Medicines:  Yashtimadhu,Kumari,Guggulu,Shilajatu, Ashvagandha,                Amalaka,  Pippali,Vidarikanda, Drakshasava,Madhumalini Vasanta.

Diet And Medicines Increasing Medadhatu

Diet:  Garlic, Ginger, Dry Fruits, Meat in General Curds, Jaggery.

Medicines    : All Snehas , Meda, Mahameda, Kakoli, Kshirakakoli, Guggulu, Shilajatu, Madhumalini Vasanti.

Avoid:     Matki

Diet And Medicines Promoting Reduction Of Medadhatu

Amalaka,Eranda,Hirakabhasma,Guduchi,Trikatu, Triphala,Mustard Oil, Bhallataka, Vidanga, Shilajatu, Drumstick, Elephant’s Foot,Cummin Seeds,

Horse Gram (Kulattha), Cow’s Urine.

Diet And Medicines Increasing Asthidhatu

Diet:        Wheat,Black Gram, Radish,Beet Root, Elephant’s Foot, Sugarcane,

                 Cow’s Colostrums, Garlic, Ginger.

Medicines:  Bhringaraja, Shankhabhasma, Pravalabhasama, Mauktikabhasma, Ushtrasthibhasma, Mrigashringabhasma, Shilajatu,Guggulu, Chandana, Arjuna, Khandira, Bilvamajja, Sinshapa,Guduchi, Lodhra, Laksha,Tiktaghrita, Mahatiktaghrita.

Diet And Medicines Promoting Healing Of Fractures

 Amalaka, Wax, Laksha And Garlic Have property of healing fractures of bone.

Medicines : Pravala, Kiratatikta.

Diet And Medicines Increasing Majjadhatu

Diet  :       Dry Fruits, Walnut, Almonda, Pista,Charoli, Grundnut, Dried Coconut.

            :       Amalaka,Seed Of Jack Fruit.

            :        Kushmanda, Lady’s Finger.

            :         Rice,Jvari, Tila.

            :         Cow’s Ghee,Curds, Cream.

Medicines   :  Haritaki, Bibhitaka, Abhraka,Raupya,Suvarnabhasma,Brahmi,        

                       Shankhapushpi,Jatamansi,Yashtimadhu,Guduchi, Vacha,Pippali, Mauktika,Pravala,Arvindasava,Brahmighrita, Suvarnamalini Vasanta,Sarasvatarishta.

Avoid              : Sprouting Cereals Pulses.

Diet And Medicines Increasing Shukradhatu

Diet                 :   Milk, Curds, Cream, Ghee, Butter.                     

                         :  Garlic,Cardamom, Cloves, Brinjal, Beet Root, Potato, Sweet           Potato, Lady’s Finger, Elephant’s Foot, Snake Gourd, Kushmanda, Onion.

                          : Chiken, Testis, Meat of Sparrow, Pig, Rat and Crab.

                        :  Sugarcane, Urada, Almonds.

Medicines       :       Ashvagandha, Amalaka, Bala,Kapikachchu,Yashtimadhu,  Abhraka, Eranda,  Kantaloha,    Karpasaki,Musali,Nutmeg, Kakoli And Kshirakakoli, Meda Mahameda, Shatavari, Makaradhvaja,    Jivanti,  Betal Leaves, Pippali,  Shringataka, Haritaki, Pushpadhanva, Talamakhana, Varahikanda

                                Chyavanaprasha, Vrishyavati,Madhumalini Vasanta, Vasantakusumakara, Trivangabhasma,Chandraprabhavati.

Avoid           :    Watermelon, Pepper.

Sukha in Dhatusarata:An applied aspect

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Sukha in Dhatusarata:An applied aspect

          Ayurved is one of the greatest gifts given by the sages of ancient India to mankind for healthy and long life. Agni (Digestive fire), Prakruti (Constitution), Dhatusarata (Tissue excellence), Doshas (Bioenergies) are the pillars of Ayurved, which help in diagnosis, treatment and research.

               

         The examination of Dhatusarata has been specified in Charak Samhita Vimansthan 8th chapter while explaining Dashavidha Pariksha (tenfold examination). Dhatusarata means the excellent state of Dhatu. By assessing Dhatusarata, one can judge the true strength of the particular Dhatu.    
                 

         It is difficult to assess each and every quality of  Dhatusarata mentioned in Charak Samhita for e.g. Sukha, Aishwarya, Upabhaog, Bala etc. Among these, Sukha quality is quoted in Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda and Shukra sara.

        Sukha is the feeling in which the person is comfortable with. Whether this feeling of liking is same in all Saras or it has different meaning according to qualities of Dhatus should be ruled out. There is a necessity to develop some quantitative parameters to measure this quality.

        While reviewing Ayurvedic literature, it is found that Sukha quality is not merely happiness.Acharya Dalhana opined this quality as Anukul vedana (comfort zone) of the individual.  Sukha is liking or the thing in which the person is comfortable with.

        It means sukha quality related to different Dhatusaras is having different shades. By knowing these shades of a particular Dhatu of that person, we can get an appropriate idea about his likings or the things he is comfortable with. By knowing Dhatusarata, one can know about the abilities for particular profession but to get intimate success, one must concentrate on the comfort zone i.e. Sukha. 

         Rasa sara persons are rich in skin texture i.e. their skin is radiant and fair, they have supple and nourished hair so we can say that these persons have Sukha of skin and hair texture. They can choose their career in modeling.   

     Rasa sara persons are also very good tasters, they have a great sense of taste .So they can be good hoteliers. They can go on entire day on water or juice alone without feeling any physical distress because they naturally store plenty of energy in anticipation of such periods of deprivation. So it can be stated that these persons are expert in taste perception that means they like various tastes and they are very much comfortable with that.
  
     Rakta Sara persons have Sukha in reading, writing, discussing i.e. they have intellectual liking. Sukha in this context means a cause of satisfaction, so if this quality is utilized in their profession then they will be definitely successful and also they will enjoy their profession.   
  
Mamsa Sara persons have a god gift of good physique. So it can be affirmed that they have Sukha in a state of physical wellbeing. They can utilize this quality accordingly by choosing their career as military officer or navy officer, sports like body building, wrestling, weight lifting etc.    

  Meda Sara persons have Sukha i.e. they are comfortable with luxurious life. Here Sukha means a feeling that makes life pleasant. They cannot tolerate exertion so they require sedentary jobs. They are intelligent and suitable for administrative jobs. These people have boon of melodious voice, so they can be singers, announcers, commentators etc.  

   Shukra Sara persons have Sukha in art and beauty. Sukha in this context means liking, so if their career is related to some art or cosmetics etc. then they will be definitely successful and satisfied also.   

        Sukha quality is not mentioned in Asthi and Majjasara people. But Asthisara peoples are indulged in work and they love work, so we can say that they get Sukha or these people are comfortable with continuous work.In case of Majjasara people, they are intellectually so strong that they are above the sukha or comfort level. These people always think for others so they don’t think about self comfort.    
         

            Overall, Sukha quality has different shades in all Dhatusaras such as liking, comfort, a cause of satisfaction, a state of physical wellbeing, a feeling that makes life pleasant etc.     

      By knowing the Sukha or comfort zone of a particular Dhatu of individual, it will help to get an appropriate idea about his abilities / likings or the things he is comfortable with. Also by knowing Uttam Dhatusarata of individual, it will easy to know about the true strength. So by the combination of these two, it is easier to guide the person in choosing  appropriate profession which will be according to individual’s liking and also he will have the ability to become successful in that particular profession. If we recognize this and follow the guidelines according to Dhatusarata, we will not end up with the physical and mental health hassles that can lead to major complications.
 

Dhatuposhana Nyaya PPT

Theories of tissue nourishment - part2

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            DHATUPOSHANA NYAAYAS - PART 2

                               (Different Theories Related To Nourishment Of Tissues)

               KEDARA-KULYA NYAYA (LAW OF TRANSMISSION)

According to this theory, the process of nourishment of tissues can be linked to irrigation of different fields by water from a canal.

         

                 Kedar means paddy fields, Kulya means Canal. This nyaya compares the nourishment of  tissues with irrigation canals in fields. Kedar Kulya Nyaya means nourishment of dhatus by transportation process just as different fields are irrigated from the same canal passing through those fields one after another. The water that flows through canal first irrigate the nearest field and then it goes further to irrigate the next field and this process goes on.Aahara rasa contains nutrients of all    tissues.As rasa dhatu is nearest; it reaches to rasavaha srotas first. According to this law, When aahara rasa reaches rasa dhatu through rasavaha srotas,with the help of rasa dhatvagni,it nourishes     rasa dhatu and some portion of ahara rasa attains the characteristics of rasa dhatu.The remaining part of ahara rasa proceeds to raktavaha srotas and nourishes rakta dhatu. Like this  aahar rasa circulate from tissue to tissue to nourish them one after another.

From this law it is clear that dhatus are nourished by aahara rasa through specific dhatuvaha srotas or channel and with the help of dhatvagni ,a part of aahara rasa or dhatuposhaka amsha nourishes the specific dhatu.This law also indicates that rasa dhatu is nourished earlier than mamsa as it is nearer to channel and mamsa dhatu is farther away.Also it is clear that rakta dhatu is formed after rasa dhatu and so on.By this law, action of milk on shukra can be explained.Also it is clear that medavriddhi cannot necessarily cause asthivriddhi.

  

KHALE KAPOTA NYAYA (LAW OF SELECTION)

According to this theory,  process of nourishment of dhatus takes place by selection.Khala means khalian or field where in the grains are heaped after cutting the crop. Kapota means Dove or pigeon.

Khale Kapota Nyaya means selection of individual items of requirement by individual dhatwagnis from aahar rasa which can contain all the nutrient principles.

As pigeons come from different directions & distances to heap of grains on field or floor and fly away after collecting some part to their own places of dwelling either early or late depending upon distance and direction they require to travel, similarly nourishment of tissues take place. The field indicates aahara rasa.The pigeons are poshaka dhatus..The dwellings or nests are sthayee or stable dhatus . The travelling route of pigeon indicates respective dhatuvaha srotas.

Aahara rasa is a pool of nutrients of all tissues. It is transported to sthayee dhatus through specific channels. The nutrients required for each dhatu is selected by specific channel and thus dhatus get nourished. The nearest channel is of rasa dhatu so rasa dhatu gets nourished first and so on.

From This law, it is clear that sequence of replenishment of dhatus is uniform i.e.after rasa dhatu poshana kala,rakta poshana kala starts and so on. By this law action of milk on shukra can be explained.also it is clear that medavriddhi cannot necessarily cause asthivriddhi.Also it is not necessary that  vitiated rasa dhatu should lead to vitiate further dhatus.

Among all these theories,Kshir-Dadhi nyaya is criticised by most of the commentators.According to Chakradatta,,Kedar-Kulya nyaya and Khale-Kapot nyaya are equally  acceptable.According to Sushruta Commentator Dalhana,Kedar-Kulya nyaya is more relevant.

Concluding all above,all three laws are important and any one law does not satisfy the transformation of nutrients to dhatus.All laws are equivalent to each other.They do not interfere or oppose each other. So it can be stated that  aahara rasa reaches to specific channel according to kedarakulya nyaya.Nutrients in aahara rasa are selected as per tissue requirements according to khale kapot nyaya and finally dhatuposhak amshas i.e. nutrients are transformed into dhatus according to kshira dadhi nyaya.One should therefore accept all these laws together and interpret the transformation and nourishment of seven tissues with application of all these laws.

EKAKALA DHATU POSHAN SIDDHANTA

This Principle was said by Arunadutta, the commentator of Ashtanga hridaya.

Since  aahara rasa percolates into all  dhatuvaha srotas at a time uniformly, it can be presumed that all the dhatus are nourished simultaneously without any time gap. This is known as eka kala dhatu poshana nyaya. This law is universally accepted without any criticism.

This principle can be better explained by the example of sprinklers in the field. With the help of sprinklers, the whole field is irrigated at one time. Similarly with the help of vyana vayu,Aahara rasa nourishes all dhatus at a time without interruption, throughout life.